Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells that are part of the body's immune system.
They are Y-shaped proteins that detect and bind to antigens, which are molecules or substances that the body’s immune system recognizes as foreign.
The antigen-binding site of the antibody binds to the antigen in order to neutralize it, such as a bacterial cell or a toxin.
Different types of immunoglobulins exist and are classified by their heavy chain constant regions.
There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
IgA is found in bodily secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk, and it is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the body.
IgD is a receptor for antigens on the surface of B cells.
IgE is involved in allergic reactions and is responsible for releasing histamine, which causes inflammation.
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