Peter B. Moore was born on October 15, 1939, in Boston, Massachusetts to Laura Bartlett Moore and Francis Daniels Moore. He attended the Milton Academy in Milton, Massachusetts, where he was elected to the Cum Laude Society. He went on to study biophysics at Yale University, graduating with a B.S. degree in 1961. Moore then obtained his Ph.D. in biophysics from Harvard University in 1966, working in the laboratory of James D. Watson.
Moore joined the Yale faculty in 1969 and became a Sterling Professor emeritus of Chemistry, Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at the university. Throughout his career, his research has focused on understanding the structure, function, and mechanism of the ribosome.
He has held research positions at the University of Geneva, Switzerland; the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; and the University of Oxford, UK. Moore has also served on advisory committees for the Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the National Research Council. He was chairman of the Department of Chemistry at Yale from 1987 to 1990 and is a past editor of the Biophysical Journal.
Peter B. Moore has received numerous awards and honours for his contributions to the field, including: